A machine needs a powerful motor, a sturdy metal internal frame, and a walking foot attachment to ensure the needle has the force to pierce and feed thick, non-slip leather evenly.
While industrial machines like the JUKI DNU-1541 are best for high volume, home sewists can use heavy-duty domestic machines like the SINGER® 4432 or Janome HD3000 for light to medium-weight leather projects.
A Walking Foot or a Teflon/Gliding Foot is critical, as they prevent the leather or vinyl from sticking to the foot and ensure all layers move through the machine at the same speed.
Most heavy-duty domestic sewing machines can handle two to four layers of medium-weight leather (around 5-7 oz), but always test on scraps and use the correct leather needle.
High-end leather sewing machines often feature a large arm space, adjustable presser foot pressure, and a high-lift walking foot for easily maneuvering bulky, complex leather goods.